Howto create Heavy water

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Introduction

As semiheavy water, HDO, occurs naturally on Earth in regular water at a proportion of 1 part per 3200, it may be separated from regular water by distillation or electrolysis and also by various chemical exchange processes, all of which exploit a kinetic isotope effect. In short, the difference in mass between the two hydrogen isotopes translates into a difference in the zero-point energy and thus into a slight difference in the speed at which the reaction proceeds. Once HDO becomes a significant fraction of the water, heavy water will become more prevalent as well as water molecules trade hydrogen atoms very frequently. To produce pure heavy water by distillation or electrolysis requires a large cascade of stills or electrolysis chambers, and consumes large amounts of power, so the chemical methods are generally preferred. The most important chemical method is the Girdler Sulfide process.

Methods

• Creating Heavy water with distillation

(requires: )

• Creating Heavy water with electrolysis and distillation

(requires: )

• Creating Heavy water with Girdler Sulfide process

(requires: )

How to get it

Heavy water is produced in Argentina, Canada, India, and Norway.

• Norsk Hydro facility in Norway
• Bruce Heavy Water Plant in Ontario, Canada, largest D²O producer

External Links

• http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/heavy.htm
• http://www.cns-snc.ca/Bulletin/A_Miller_Heavy_Water.pdf (A link to HTML page by Google)
  
  
  From HowTo Wiki, a Wikia wiki.